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Mass Propers for the Franciscans

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Many orders of religious have had their own Mass propers that elaborate on the basic propers found in the Graduale Romanum, and MusicaSacra.com has worked to put these online. The latest was sent to us from the Franciscans, a marvelous book from 1924: Graduale Romano-Seraphicum.



The Indispensable Role of the Family in the New Liturgical Movement

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Two weeks ago, the Holy Father encouraged all within the Church to take up the prayer of the psalms and the Divine Office, and just yesterday the Pope highlighted that "the new evangelization is inseparable from the Christian family." Meanwhile on NLM, we spoke yesterday of an Orthodox Christian family who have taken up the singing of the Office as part of their family prayer, and a week and a half ago we spoke of some Advent customs such as the Advent wreath and Jesse Tree that could help draw the liturgical year into the home.

So then, how do all of these things intersect?

Well they intersect in various ways truth be told, but there is one way in particular which I wish to highlight and it ties into a theme we have been discussing on and off over the years: the domestic Church and living a liturgical life.

Some laity may feel a sense of helplessness when they consider the "shadows" (to use the imagery adopted by some within the Roman Curia) within the Church. Even if they do not feel utterly helpless, particularly when they consider the matter of the sacred liturgy they might feel they have little they can contribute -- other than perhaps a voice in the choir loft or an altar boy or two in the sanctuary. They might feel as though they have to ultimately sit back and wait for Rome or the clergy to hand the solution to them. But if someone were to think such, they really would be wrong, even drastically wrong.

Certainly Rome and the clergy have a very important part to play, but the new liturgical movement is not a matter only for the Holy Father, the Holy See or for clergy and religious to tend to. The new liturgical movement is a task to be taken up by all, and all indeed have a part to play. This includes the family. Indeed, not only does it include the family, I would daresay that the family has an absolutely critical and highly influential role.

If the new liturgical movement is to blossom and advance to its fullest possible extent it must be lived out not only within our parishes and institutions, it must also take root and be actualized within our homes; we must not only attempt to foster the liturgical life later on in life, we must plant that seed and water it within our children early in life. And indeed, since families are, as John Paul II said, "the seedbed of vocations," this early upbringing in the liturgical life, this liturgical formation will assuredly be of great import and influence with regard to our future priests and bishops as well. Indeed, if families do not instill this liturgical formation early on, we can hardly be surprised if the task seems all the slower and more arduous later on. In that regard, perhaps we can think of the family as not only the seedbed of vocations, but also a seedbed of the new liturgical movement.

Looking back to the 20th century Liturgical Movement this same point was made by Emerson Hynes in an article, "Before All Else" (Orate Fratres, March 21, 1943. Vol. XVII, no. 5). Therein he asked the question, "how important is the family in the liturgical movement"? He commented:

We recognize the force of the family in shaping the habits and character of children. We know too that neither faith nor ideas are inherited. They are instilled, and the family is the ordinary instrument through which this is accomplished... Because the family is such a basic and intimate society it is a most powerful unit for the preservation of a heritage. Before a movement can be permanently established it must have the support of families, it must become part of the family tradition. The liturgical movement will remain a movement and no more until such a time as it becomes a family heritage. For although the source of the liturgy is Christ through His Church and the proper custodians of it the priests through the parish, the flowering of the liturgy in the lives of the members will not be permanent until it becomes a part and parcel of Christian family life. In that sense, may we not speak of Christian families as the popular custodians of the liturgy, a subordinate but essential means to its strength and expansion?

So too should our answer to the question, "how important is the family in the new liturgical movement?" be that they have an absolutely indispensable part to play in advancing it, providing a spark and flame which will cast the necessary light which will help dispel the 'shadows'. But if that is to happen, families must take up the challenge now, "shaping the habits and character of [their] children" in a liturgical way, making it "part and parcel of Christian family life."

Let's get to work.

The Apocryphal Gospels as a Source of Imagery

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I was recently asked a question about the fact that many icons of the Annunciation portray our lady holding a scarlet or purple thread. This reflects a detail that comes from one of the apocryphal gospels the Protevangelium of James. The Catholic Encyclopedia describes it as follows: “It purports to have been written by ‘James the brother of the Lord’, i.e. the Apostle James the Less. It is based on the canonical Gospels which it expands with legendary and imaginative elements, which are sometimes puerile or fantastic. The birth, education and marriage of the Blessed Virgin are described in the first eleven chapters and these are the source of various traditions current among the faithful. They are of value in indicating the veneration paid to Mary at a very early age. For instance it is the "Protoevangelium" which first tells that Mary was the miraculous offspring of Joachim and Anna, previously childless; that when three years old the child was taken to the Temple and dedicated to its service, in fulfilment of her parents’ vow. When Mary was twelve Joseph is chosen by the high-priest as her spouse in obedience to a miraculous sign — a dove coming out of his rod and resting on his head.”

In regard to this particular detail, according to the Protevangelion when Gabriel entered Mary’s house to announce the joyous news of the Incarnation of the Logos, she was spinning purple and scarlet thread to make a veil for the temple. She was chosen because she was a virgin. Mary with this detail therefore to emphasize her virginity. If purple is shown, it signifies also her descent from the royal house of David. If Mary is shown holding scarlet thread, the colour of blood, then this signifies the fact that the Saviour took flesh and blood from her flesh and blood.

The portrayal of Mary weaving began to occur about the fifth century onwards with basket and bobbin of thread. From about the ninth century onwards, the basket seems to have been omitted. The portrayal of the Annunciation in the West, seems to be less consistent in including this. I have shown a Spanish Romanesque painting that has Our Lady with thread, but not scarlet or purple. El Greco and de Champagne, in quite different styles, show a basket of cloth, but containing white material. The final image by Guido Reni has no illusion to the making of the temple veil at all that I can see.

How do we make sense of this? In regard to apocryphal writings, The Catholic Encyclopedia makes the point that it need not be a negative term, and can be interpreted as simply, non canonical. (No writings that are in the bible, therefore, New or Old Testament, should ever be referred to as apocryphal). Some apocryphal writings can be useful and some are heretical. I certainly do not feel qualified to sift through these documents and the supporting research which decides which are valid and which are not. For the most part, when there are details included that are not scriptural and which I do not understand, if they appear regularly make an effort to understand why they are there. If I cannot get to the root of them I do not include them. In this case, given that there is a long history of its inclusion and it does seem to have accepted as valid, I might include it if asked. Given that the source is non scriptural I my instincts are not strongly in favour and it would need to be well and truly embedded in tradition for me to consider it. One thing I won’t be doing is reading these documents in detail with a view to using them as a potential source for new symbols.

The Western portrayals often show Mary reading scripture opened to the prophecy of Isaiah: “Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son...” (Isaiah 7:14). Given the scriptural reference, my personal instincts tend favour this form.

Images below, top down: 12th century Spanish iconographic; 13th century iconographic (Romanesque); and below by El Greco, de Champagne and Guido Reni respectively.









Simple English Propers, 2nd Sunday of Advent

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As you know, the hardcopies of the Simple English Propers are on backorder, so for now you can download them at musicasacra.com/sep







Magnificat Presents Pope Benedict XVI with their Edition of the New Roman Missal

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It wasn't so long ago that the Catholic Truth Society presented a copy of their new edition of the English language Roman Missal to the Pope, and recently the NLM was informed that American publisher Magnificat had done the same. In the United States, various editions of the new missal were published, and Magnificat has certainly been one of the editions which has proven popular amongst NLM readers.

In the press release below, it was particularly good to hear an acknowloedgement about the important role of beauty within the sacred liturgy.



Yonkers, NY - Today at the Vatican Pope Benedict XVI was presented with a special white edition of the new Roman Missal by Pierre-Marie Dumont, publisher of Magnificat magazine. Bearing the Holy Father's coat of arms on a white leather cover, the personalized edition of the Magnificat Missal was given to the Pope four days after the implementation of the Roman Missal, Third Edition, in the United States.

Leafing through the pages of the Magnificat Missal, presented in a white leather and velvet-lined box, the Pope thanked the publisher of Magnificat for the quality of the volume: "It is beautiful, it is truly beautiful," the Holy Father said. "Thank you for having made it so beautiful."

This emphasis on beauty is one of the prime characteristics of the Missal published by Magnificat. "Our desire was to answer the Pope's wish that beauty permeate the liturgy," Pierre-Marie Dumont said, recalling the Pope's own words: "Beauty is an essential element of the liturgical action, since it is an attribute of God himself and his revelation."

Printed in Italy and designed in France and in the United States, the Magnificat Roman Missal is adorned with over 130 reproductions of sacred art, from catacomb frescoes to twentieth-century paintings. The artwork highlights the liturgical seasons, feast days, and other sections of the Missal.

Pope Benedict also indicated that he was very familiar with Magnificat. The monthly worship aid has been published for more than 13 years in the United States. With over one million readers worldwide, its aim is to foster and celebrate the prayer life of the Church.

NLM will be pursuing its own review of some of these missals in the near future.

Daniel Mitsui Illustrations for Interim Edition of Roman Pontifical

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This in from Daniel Mitsui, who will be no stranger to NLM readers.


NEWLY COMPLETED PROJECT: ILLUSTRATIONS for VOX CLARA PONTIFICAL

Earlier this year, I was contacted by the Executive Secretary of the Vox Clara Committee, a Vatican committee of senior bishops from episcopal conferences throughout the English-speaking world that advises the Holy See on English-language liturgy. The Committee will publish in 2012 an interim edition of the Roman Pontifical, including new translations of certain texts drawn from the revised Roman Missal.

I was commissioned to create a series of five color illustrations for this Pontifical, depicting the Crucifixion, the Last Supper, the Presentation in the Temple, the Descent of the Holy Ghost and Christ the High Priest. The central images are surrounded by appropriate symbols and Old Testament prefigurements, and the corner scenes depict liturgical rites contained in the Pontifical.

The drawings were realized in colored inks on Bristol board, in a style heavily influenced by 15th century panel paintings, tapestries, manuscripts and incunabula. Black and white versions of two of these illustrations were also produced.

Here are a couple of samples of the images Daniel has come up with for the Pontifical:




You can see the other drawings over on Daniel's website.

O Felix Roma - Ambrosian, Gregorian and Norbertine Chant

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Our own Henri Adams de Villiers and Philippe Guy are both involved in the Schola Sainte Cecile and recently they have put out a CD recording which is available for 10 EUR, O Felix Roma.

What particularly interests me about the CD is the amount of Ambrosian chant on it. The CD also includes Gregorian chant, Norbertine chant and sacred polyphony. As a bit of a point of pride, the cover of the CD photo shows four NLM writers on it; Henri and Philippe of course, and also Gregory DiPippo and Nicola de Grandi.

This might make a nice Christmas gift, or a nice gift generally. Here are the contents of the CD:


Sainte-Marie-sur-La-Minerve : messe en rit ambrosien de la fête de sainte Catherine de Sienne, patronne de l’Italie
1. Diffusa est gratia – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:19
2. Les 12 Kyrie eleison – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:02
3. O felix anima – Giacomo Carissimi – 3:54
4. Sanctus – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:28
5. Adoramus te – Loyset Compère – 1:44
6. Tantum ergo – Orfeo Vecchi (1550 † 1604) – 3:23
7. Rites de conclusion de la messe ambrosienne – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:57
8. Regina cœli – Charles de Courbes – 1:01

Saint-André-du-Quirinal : vêpres & complies solennelles en rit ambrosien de la fête des saints Apôtres Philippe & Jacques
9. Lucernarium – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:36
10. Æterna Christi munera – plain-chant ambrosien – 2:07
11. Magnificat – plain-chant ambrosien & alternance polyphonique de Claudin de Sermisy – 6:45
12. Psallenda – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:35
13. Fin des vêpres – plain-chant ambrosien – 1:28

Basilique de Sainte-Marie-Majeure : messe en rit romain de la solennité de saint Joseph
14. Iste confessor – plain-chant de Prémontré – 1:53
15. Kyrie eleison – Missa Secunda de Hans Leo Hassler – 3:59
16. Gloria – Missa Secunda de Hans Leo Hassler – 6:01
17. Alleluia – plain-chant grégorien – 6:13
18. Credo – Missa Secunda de Hans Leo Hassler – 3:16
19. Sanctus – Missa Secunda de Hans Leo Hassler – 1:48
20. Benedictus – Missa Secunda de Hans Leo Hassler – 3:44
21. Agnus Dei – Missa Secunda de Hans Leo Hassler – 3:33

Fr. Thomas Kocik at the College of St. Mary Magdalen

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Just a very quick note to our readers that if you are in the Boston area and missed Fr. Kocik's talk at Thomas More College on the new liturgical movement, you may want to make the trip tomorrow evening to the College of St. Mary Magdalen, December 6th, 2011, 7:00pm:


Father Thomas Kocik to present “Singing His Life”

On St. Nicholas Day, December 6, 2011, Fr. Thomas Kocik will present "Singing His Life ," a brief history of the Liturgical Movement, including its most recent phase, now widely called the "new liturgical movement." This hour-long presentation is a highly condensed version of a 13-part series on the liturgical movement that appeared earlier in 2011 in The Anchor, the official Catholic weekly paper of the Diocese of Fall River.

Fr. Thomas Kocik, a priest of the Diocese of Fall River, MA, is the author of two liturgy-related books: The Reform of the Reform? A Liturgical Debate (Ignatius, 2003) and Loving and Living the Mass (Zaccheus, 2007; rev. ed. 2011), as well as several published essays, both scholarly and popular. He is a member of the Society for Catholic Liturgy and served as editor of its journal Antiphon. Fr. Kocik celebrates both the ordinary and extraordinary forms of the Mass of the Roman Rite.

We hope you will join us for this presentation! Refreshments will be served.

The College of Saint Mary Magdalen • 511 Kearsarge Mountain Rd. • Warner, NH 03278
Tel: (603) 456 – 2656 • Fax: (603) 456 – 2660

Sinterklaas; the Feast of St. Nicholas

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It has become something of an annual tradition on NLM to publish a short piece recounting the person of St. Nicholas, whose feast is celebrated today in both the Roman and the Byzantine calendar, as well as to note some of the customs associated with his feast day. I am pleased to do so again this year. Indeed, we have spoken of the importance of custom as a way of manifesting the liturgical seasons and year and somehow marking those surrounding St. Nicholas would certainly be a pertinent way for families to reconnect the ever present and popular figure of Santa Claus with his Christian roots.


An icon corner in a Russian home, showing an icon of St. Nicholas


First, let us briefly recount who St. Nicholas is. The Catholic Encyclopedia notes the following about him:

Bishop of Myra in Lycia; died 6 December, 345 or 352. Though he is one of the most popular saints in the Greek as well as the Latin Church, there is scarcely anything historically certain about him except that he was Bishop of Myra in the fourth century.

Some of the main points in his legend are as follows: He was born at Parara, a city of Lycia in Asia Minor; in his youth he made a pilgrimage to Egypt and Palestine; shortly after his return he became Bishop of Myra; cast into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, he was released after the accession of Constantine...


Iconographic Fresco of St. Nicholas


The relics of St. Nicholas are now kept in Bari, Italy at Basilica San Nicola.


The Altar and Ciborium of the Basilica San Nicola, Bari, Italy


As for customs, within Central and Northern Europe, particularly Holland where today is known as "Sinterklaas" (i.e. St. Nicholas), this feast is marked by various customs both on the eve of St. Nicholas' feast day and also the day itself. To this day, the figure of "Sinterklaas" in many of those countries is still vested as a bishop:



Fr. Francis X. Weiser in the Handbook of Christian Feasts and Customs details a bit of the tradition surrounding Sinterklaas in that part of the world:

In many parts of Europe children still receive his "visit" on the eve of his feast. Impersonated by a man wearing a long white beard, dressed in the vestments of a bishop, with mitre and crozier, he appears in the homes as a heavenly messenger. Coming at the start of Advent, he admonishes the children to prepare their hearts for a blessed and holy Christmas. He examines them on their prayers. After exhorting them to be good, he distributes fruit and candy and departs with a kindly farewell... (p. 340)

The Ordinary Form of the Bishop of Albenga-Imperia

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From the Spanish blog, Acción Litúrgica, come the following photos which show a Mass celebrated by Bishop Mario Oliveri, the bishop of Albenga-Imperia (Italy) for the Cofradía de los Disciplinantes Blancos de San Juan Bautista (Confraternity of the White Penitents of St. John the Baptist) in Savona, Italy.

The Mass was celebrated in accordance with the modern Roman liturgical books (i.e. the Ordinary Form), and celebrated ad orientem.



Usus Antiquior and the Hungarian Armed Forces

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We have featured on more than one occasion military chaplains on this site, both past and present. Typically this has come within an American context; here, however, is another military chaplain and NLM reader, this time from the Hungarian Armed Forces, Fr. Ervin J. Alácsi (Capt.) -- whom I actually had the pleasure to meet in Budapest in 2008 at a conference organized by the late Laszlo Dobszay.

The photos come from this Sunday past, the Second Sunday of Advent. The usus antiquior is apparently alive and well, regularly celebrated for these military men.

The chapel itself that you see here is a common room that has been converted to chapel use recently.



On the Feast of St. Ambrose: Recollections (and Revivals) of Things Ambrosian

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Today being the feast of St. Ambrose, that great father of the church in Milan, I thought it might be fitting to briefly quote from the biographical section related to him from Blessed Cardinal Schuster's The Sacramentary -- Schuster being himself a former Cardinal Archbishop of that venerable See and successor of St. Ambrose.

But before I do, a few personal words. I have the very fond memory of having visited Milan three years ago, and while there I was privileged to be able to visit many venerable sites associated with St. Ambrose. Of course, most moving was to see and be close to the relics of the venerable saint, which lay in a crypt beneath the high altar of the Basilica of St. Ambrose.

Since that time, I not only gained in my own personal devotion to and appreciation of the figure of St. Ambrose, my admiration for the great Ambrosian liturgical tradition was also increased exponentially. Accordingly, on this day of all days, my mind turns once again to the hopes of many that the venerable, ancient Ambrosian liturgy may once again be freely fostered and flourish. Indeed, while in Milan I also had the great privilege to worship within that great liturgical tradition. It is worthy of both preservation and encouragement.

Please join me today in offering up this prayer, asking the intercession of St. Ambrose for this intention.

* * *

Ambrose Uranius Aurelius was born probably at Treves, of an ancient and illustrious Roman family, which had already given to the Church the martyr St. Soter, and which was to enrich the martyrology with two more names besides that of the holy Doctor of whom we are speaking, those of Satyrus and Marcellina, his own brother and sister. St. Ambrose died at Milan on Easter Eve, April 4, 397. As, however, that day always recurs in Lent, or in Paschal week, when in accordance with the ancient liturgy all feasts in honour of the saints are excluded, his festival is kept today, which is the anniversary of his ordination as bishop.

This substitution dates at Rome from the eleventh century at least, and is founded on the very ancient liturgical custom of solemnly celebrating the natale ordinationis of bishops and priests.
* * *

On Rose Vestments

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We are quickly progressing through Advent, and indeed, we are now only a few days shy of Gaudete Sunday. Gaudete Sunday, like Laetare Sunday within Lent, sees the liturgical colour of rose used -- and of course, this applies to both the modern and ancient Roman liturgy.

Sadly, I have seen many a church or chapel where rose vestments, being used only two Sundays of the liturgical year, are simply dispensed with -- which is to say they don't have them, not that they have them but do not use them. In some instances this may be for legitimate pragmatic reasons, but no doubt in many other instances the thought has simply been that for such infrequent liturgical use, why make the investment? Or at very least, why make it any sort of priority to acquire them? As a counter-point, I would suggest that the Church does not put forth these things frivolously. Evidently there are symbolic meanings associated with this usage, just as in the case of the other liturgical colours, and these have something to teach us and indeed provide a teaching moment. As such, how often they might be used does not in anyway make them of any less importance, and indeed, if we take the central importance of the sacred liturgy, of divine worship, seriously, then we should not take a minimalist view about these things.

Speaking of the Third Sunday of Advent, Dom Gueranger comments:

Today, again, the Church is full of joy, and the joy is greater than it was. It is true that her Lord has not come; but she feels that He is nearer than before, and therefore she thinks it just to lessen somewhat the austerity of this penitential season by the innoncent cheerfulness of her sacred rites... The organ is played at the Mass; the vestments are rose-colour; the deacon resumes the dalmatic, and the subdeacon the tunic [this is in reference to the folded chasubles which would have been worn by deacon and subdeacon on the other days of Advent at this time -- NLM]; and in cathedral churches the bishop assists with precious mitre. How touching are all these usages, and how admirable this condescension of the Church, wherewith she so beautifully blends together the unalterable strictness of the dogmas of the faith and the graceful poetry of the formulae of the liturgy!

Evidently, some of these elements are no longer strictly observed and some have been dispensed with altogether in recent decades (which is worthy of a whole other discussion, but I digress); the main point here is that, whatever else might have added to this, the use of rose helps to tie into this spirit of gladness and joyfulness which the Church wishes to present to us -- which further says something to us about the rest of the season as well.

But let us turn our attention now to vestments themselves.

Over the years we have shown you many examples of rose coloured vestments -- both new and old. Sometimes we have commented on particulars around colour choices and what might or might not work well from a design perspective -- after all, our worship of God deserves ornaments that befit that solemn duty, as do the sacred mysteries. I do not intend to do that this year, nor do I intend to show you those we have already shown you in the past; those are readily available in the archives. Instead, I would like to show you some rose vestments which we have not shown you before.

This first was only recently made; generally speaking, this sort of "salmon" shade of rose is one which I, myself, personally favour:


The next comes from the FSSP Rome from the sacristy of their former church of San Gregorio dei Muratori:


Here is another of very early 19th century vintage (indeed, it looks more 18th century than what we might think of as 19th):


Finally, I recently came across this example as well, which looks rather tasteful if the picture is accurately reflecting it:


Those then are some rose vestments we have not shown before, but if you would like to see some of the other examples of rose vestments we have shown over the years, you may want to look at this post and this one as well. These will show you some examples which I think particularly successful.

English Chant for Immaculate Conception

Pontifical High Mass for the Immaculate Conception - Video

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Readers may recall, as reported here, that last year the Bishop of Nottingham pontificated at High Mass in the Dominican Priory church of the Holy Cross in Leicester.

A video of that historic event has emerged, and was brought to my attention a few months ago. It seemed fitting to wait until its anniversary to share it here on the NLM.


Architecture for a New Liturgical Movement: Our Lady of the Rosary, Greenville, SC

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For some while now, we have been meaning to tell readers of an exciting new architectural project that is taking place in connection with Fr. Dwight Longenecker. It is the church of Our Lady of the Rosary in Greenville, South Carolina -- and if the drawings tell the story, it certainly promises to be yet another fine, contemporary example of church architecture, characterized by a continuity with our tradition and also picking up where some of the most successful churches of the 20th century Liturgical Movement left off.

The overall designer of the church is Andrew Gould of New World Byzantine and Christian LeBlanc will be the architect of record. NLM's own Matthew Alderman is contributing furnishing designs and a number of conceptual and color elements to the interior. (The watercolor renderings shown below are painted by him as well.)

From the architect: "The form of the church follows the example of early Roman basilicas, with a broad nave and a transept containing a baldachin over the altar. The structure will be built from solid masonry with extensive use of local salvaged brick for exterior trim. The timeless detailing derives from churches built in Western Europe in the first millennium – a universal style well suited to a modern Catholic church."

The church, both on the interior and exterior, looks to be quite beautiful, but what I am particularly pleased about is the high altar and the sanctuary. How so?

First, the possibility of ad orientem has clearly been envisioned since room has been left on both the liturgically Eastern and Western sides of the altar (I do not know what the actual geographic orientation will be, though it would be marvellous if it were able to be oriented to the geographical East as well).

Second, a good solution seems to have been put in place with regard to the altar being freestanding on the one hand, while still allowing for a central position for the tabernacle on the other.

Finally, I am extraordinarily pleased to see a ciborium placed over the high altar, thereby emphasizing the liturgical importance of the high altar as the place where the sacrifice is re-presented, offered to the Father, through the Son, in the Holy Spirit; further bringing that important aspect of verticality we have spoken of here many times before. I will dwell on this yet a little more since, of the three aspects I mention, this is no doubt the least likely to be intuitively understood. Of the ciborium St. Germanus of Constantinople comments that "it... corresponds to the ark of the covenant of the Lord in which, it is written, is His Holy of Holies and His holy place." Geoffrey Webb, in his excellent work, The Liturgical Altar, says of it that "there is nothing which can replace it as the most expressive manifestation of the altar's true dignity and majesty." Finally, Blessed Ildefonso Schuster says that "in the minds of the early Christians, the altar could never be without the halo of its sacred nature -- that is, the ciborium or baldacchino in marble or in silver. The altar in its entirety constituted the true tabernacle of the most High, who assuredly could not dwell sub divo without a special roof of his own under the lofty vaulting of the naos."

Here then, after much ado, is the church in question:






Fr. Longenecker, the parish's pastor, has written about the project recently in Crisis Magazine and the NLM's own Matthew Alderman will post about his own role in the development of the interior in the near future as well. More can be found about the project at the parish website.

Two Items for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception

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The following proved extremely popular last year when when we posted them on the feast of the Immaculate Conception, so I could not resist posting them again this year -- especially given that they tie in quite nicely with our ongoing call around the importance of familiarity with biblical typology, and how that familiarity can help to give us a richer and deeper picture, not only of Christ and salvation history, but also the sacred liturgy, particularly as it relates to Christ, the Divine Lamb, Calvary, the Old Covenant and God the Father.

Pertinent to today's feast is the typology of Mary as the Ark of the (New) Covenant, put together by Catholic author and apologist Steve Ray:

Mary the Ark As Revealed in Mary's Visit to Elizabeth


Inside the Ark


* * *

Our second point of consideration for today's feast day comes on the heels of my consideration of the liturgical colour rose, and that is Gregor's consideration, made two years ago, about the special permission for the use of blue as a liturgical colour in certain parts of the world, including in Spain for today's feast.

Gregor provides various examples of these rare blue vestments in his 2009 piece, The Immaculate Conception: Liturgical Blue; here is one of them:


Why Are Some Icons and Gothic Faces Green?

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I always used to wonder why some faces painted in tempera had a green tinge to them. I had been told at some point, that this was the underpainting showing through and that the colour of the skin had somehow faded. This is possible: in the 15th century Cennino Cennini described a method in which monochrome underpainting is undertaken in terre verte, an earth green, before a thin transparent layer of skin tone, a pale orange, is applied. Cennino Cennini's method is described in a book called The Method of Tempera Painting). But even so, why put the green there in the first place? It is obviously intended to give a greenish tinge to the skin, even before the colour changed over time.

When painting icons I was encouraged to use red and green washes but it was an intuitive process and I wasn't sure exactly what principles were supposed to be guiding me (I probably hadn't been paying attention in class!).

It wasn't until I went to study portrait painting in Florence that I felt I understood what was going on here. I was taught that we see the deepest shadows are red or red brown and the half-tones are a green grey. The colour is obtained by mixing ivory black, yellow ochre and white. Ivory black has a touch of blue in it and so creates a grey-green when mixed with the yellow and white. The colour produced matches almost exactly the colour of the veins that you see, under the surface of the skin. So if you look at your wrists you will see this colour in the visible veins under your skin there.

What the icon painters and gothic artists are doing is just what the portrait painters were trying to do: match the colour scheme of their paintings with what they see in nature. It shows that even in the highly stylised forms so much is based upon observation of nature.


Above: a study I made under direction in which the deep shadow lines are red (see the line above the upper eyelid and defining the nose for example); below: a mosaic by a master from Istanbul in which the artist has defined the deep shadow lines in a red brown colour, and the half tones are in earth green. This is handled superbly and has a natural appearance.





Above: a pastel portrait completed while I was in Florence the deep shades are red-brown while the half-tone skin colour is grey green; below: a portrait of 18th century society beauty Lady Hamilton by master George Romney in which he is very skilfully handling the transition from green to red as the shadow gets deeper. And below that is a self-portrait by another the 18th century English master, Sir Joshua Reynolds. Romney and Reynolds are part of the British school that can be traced back to Sir Anthony Van Dyck who was, in turn the star student of Rubens.



Solemn Mass of the Last Sunday after Pentecost, Abbaye Sainte-Madeleine du Barroux

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One of our readers sends in the following lovely photographs which they took when visiting the Abbaye Sainte-Madeleine du Barroux. The photos show, we are told, Terce and the Mass of the Last Sunday after Pentecost.










Simple English Propers, Gaudete

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